The duration of a flight between Tijuana International Airport (TIJ) and Mexico City International Airport (MEX) typically ranges from two to two and a half hours. This can vary slightly depending on factors such as air traffic control, weather conditions, and the specific flight path taken. Non-stop flights generally offer the quickest travel time.
Understanding the typical flight duration is essential for travelers planning trips between these two major Mexican cities. This information allows for accurate scheduling of connecting flights, ground transportation, and overall itinerary planning. The relatively short flight time makes travel between Tijuana and Mexico City convenient for both business and leisure purposes, facilitating economic and cultural exchange.
This article will further explore related topics including flight options, airline choices, ticket pricing, and tips for optimizing travel time between Tijuana and Mexico City. Factors influencing flight duration, such as seasonal weather patterns and peak travel times, will also be examined.
1. Direct Flight Duration
Direct flight duration is the most significant factor determining overall travel time between Tijuana and Mexico City. It represents the core time spent airborne, excluding layovers, connecting flights, or ground transportation. A direct flight, by definition, involves no intermediate stops, offering the fastest route between two points. In the case of Tijuana to Mexico City, direct flights typically range between two and two and a half hours. This baseline duration serves as the foundation upon which other factors, such as airport procedures and potential delays, add to the total travel time. For instance, a traveler opting for a direct flight can reasonably expect to arrive in Mexico City within a predictable timeframe, facilitating efficient scheduling of subsequent activities.
The importance of direct flight duration becomes even more apparent when compared to itineraries involving connecting flights. A connection, even a short one, introduces additional time considerations. These include the layover itself, potential delays in the connecting flight’s departure, and the time required to deplane and re-board. Furthermore, connecting flights often necessitate navigating different terminals or even airports, increasing complexity and potential for delays. Consider a scenario where a connecting flight through Guadalajara adds several hours to the overall journey compared to a direct flight, potentially disrupting time-sensitive engagements.
Understanding direct flight duration empowers informed decision-making for travel planning. It allows travelers to accurately estimate arrival times, optimize connecting flight schedules, and minimize overall travel time. While factors like weather and air traffic control can influence any flight, direct flight duration provides a crucial baseline for managing travel expectations and maximizing efficiency. This understanding is essential for both business travelers prioritizing time management and leisure travelers seeking to maximize their time at their destination.
2. Connecting Flights
Connecting flights represent a significant factor influencing overall travel time between Tijuana and Mexico City. While often chosen for cost savings or increased route availability, connecting flights introduce complexities and potential delays that directly impact total journey duration. Understanding the nuances of connecting flights is crucial for travelers seeking to manage expectations and plan effectively.
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Layover Duration
Layover duration, the time spent between connecting flights, is a critical component affecting overall travel time. Short layovers, while seemingly efficient, carry the risk of missed connections due to unforeseen delays. Conversely, excessively long layovers can add unnecessary hours to the journey. A layover of one to two hours is generally considered optimal for domestic connections, providing a buffer against minor delays while avoiding excessive waiting time. For example, a one-hour layover in Guadalajara could become problematic if the incoming flight from Tijuana experiences a delay, potentially jeopardizing the connection to Mexico City.
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Number of Connections
The number of connections directly correlates with increased travel time. Each connection introduces potential points of delay, from late arrivals to missed boarding calls. A single connection may add a few hours to the journey, whereas multiple connections can significantly extend the overall travel duration, sometimes even exceeding the time saved through lower fares. Consider a flight itinerary involving two connections, one in Hermosillo and another in Monterrey. While potentially less expensive, the accumulated layover times and increased risk of delays might extend the total travel time beyond that of a direct flight.
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Airport Layout and Navigation
Navigating unfamiliar airports during layovers can introduce unexpected delays. Large airports with multiple terminals often require significant transit time between gates, sometimes involving shuttle buses or even inter-terminal trains. For instance, a connecting flight at a large airport like Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport might necessitate a lengthy transit between terminals, adding to the overall travel time. Understanding airport layouts and factoring in transit time is crucial for avoiding missed connections.
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Airline Interline Agreements
Interline agreements, or the lack thereof, between airlines can impact connection efficiency. When airlines have interline agreements, baggage is typically transferred automatically between connecting flights, streamlining the process. However, without such agreements, passengers may need to retrieve and re-check their baggage, adding significant time and complexity to the layover. This is particularly relevant for international connections where customs and immigration procedures may also be involved. A traveler connecting from a smaller regional airline to a major international carrier might encounter baggage transfer issues if no interline agreement exists, potentially leading to delays.
Considering these facets of connecting flights within the context of travel between Tijuana and Mexico City allows for a more informed assessment of overall journey duration. While cost savings might be attractive, the potential time costs associated with connecting flights necessitate careful evaluation. Weighing the potential for delays against the fare difference empowers travelers to make informed decisions aligned with their individual travel priorities and time constraints.
3. Airlines
Airline selection plays a crucial role in determining the overall travel time between Tijuana and Mexico City. Different airlines operate varying aircraft types, impacting flight speeds and, consequently, duration. Some airlines prioritize speed, utilizing newer aircraft capable of faster cruising speeds, while others may operate older, less efficient aircraft. This difference can translate to noticeable variations in flight times, even on direct routes. For example, an airline operating a modern Airbus A321neo might offer a slightly shorter flight duration compared to another using an older Airbus A319. Furthermore, airlines employ distinct route planning strategies. Some may opt for more direct flight paths, minimizing travel time, while others might incorporate slight detours due to operational considerations or air traffic management. These variations in route planning can impact overall flight duration, even when aircraft types are comparable. Additionally, airlines differ in their operational efficiency, affecting on-time performance. An airline known for consistent on-time departures and arrivals contributes to predictable travel times, while an airline with a history of delays can introduce uncertainty into scheduling.
The choice of airline also influences the availability of direct versus connecting flights. Some airlines primarily operate direct routes between Tijuana and Mexico City, catering to travelers prioritizing speed and convenience. Other airlines might offer connecting flights through intermediary hubs, potentially reducing fares but significantly extending travel time. This becomes especially relevant for travelers with time-sensitive itineraries. Budget airlines often utilize connecting flights to reduce operational costs, making them a potentially cost-effective option for less time-constrained travelers. However, these cost savings often come at the expense of increased travel time due to layovers and potential connection delays. For instance, choosing a budget airline with a connection in Guadalajara might result in a considerably longer overall travel time compared to a direct flight with a full-service carrier, even if the latter comes at a premium fare.
Therefore, understanding the nuances of each airline’s operational characteristics is vital for managing travel time expectations. Factors like aircraft type, route planning, on-time performance, and the availability of direct flights contribute to overall journey duration. Careful consideration of these factors empowers travelers to select airlines aligned with their specific time constraints and travel priorities. By assessing the trade-offs between cost, convenience, and travel time, informed decisions can be made, optimizing the journey between Tijuana and Mexico City.
4. Time of Year
Time of year significantly influences flight duration between Tijuana and Mexico City, primarily due to weather patterns and seasonal travel demand. During the rainy season, typically from June to September, flights may experience delays or rerouting due to thunderstorms and other inclement weather conditions. These weather-related disruptions can add to overall travel time, making it unpredictable. Conversely, the dry season, from October to May, generally offers more stable weather conditions, contributing to more predictable and often shorter flight durations. For example, a flight scheduled during July might encounter delays due to heavy rainfall in Mexico City, whereas a flight during February is less likely to be affected by weather.
Seasonal travel demand also plays a crucial role. Peak travel periods, such as holidays and school breaks, experience increased air traffic congestion. This heightened demand can lead to delays in departure and arrival times, extending overall travel duration. For instance, flights during the Christmas and New Year period often experience delays due to higher passenger volumes and increased air traffic. Similarly, Easter week and summer vacation months see surges in travel, potentially impacting flight schedules. Conversely, traveling during the shoulder seasons, periods between peak and off-peak times, can offer a balance of favorable weather and less congested air traffic, potentially resulting in more predictable flight durations. Choosing to travel in May or September, for instance, might offer a more efficient travel experience compared to the peak summer months.
Understanding the interplay between time of year, weather patterns, and travel demand is crucial for accurate flight planning between Tijuana and Mexico City. While direct flight duration remains a key factor, seasonal influences can significantly impact overall travel time. Considering these seasonal variations empowers travelers to anticipate potential delays, adjust itineraries accordingly, and select travel dates that optimize both flight duration and overall travel experience. This awareness contributes to more realistic expectations and more efficient travel planning, whether for business or leisure purposes.
5. Day of the Week
Day of the week exerts a notable influence on flight duration between Tijuana and Mexico City due to predictable fluctuations in travel demand. Weekdays, particularly Mondays and Fridays, typically experience higher passenger volumes due to business travel. This increased demand can lead to fuller flights and potential delays arising from factors like increased boarding times and heightened air traffic congestion. For example, a Friday afternoon flight from Tijuana to Mexico City might experience a longer taxiing time before takeoff due to increased traffic at the airport. Similarly, arrival delays might occur due to congestion at the Mexico City airport during peak arrival periods on Monday mornings.
Conversely, midweek days, such as Tuesdays and Wednesdays, generally see lower passenger volumes, resulting in less crowded flights and potentially smoother airport operations. This reduced demand can translate to shorter boarding times, less congested taxiways, and a higher likelihood of on-time departures and arrivals. A Wednesday morning flight, for instance, might experience minimal delays and a more efficient boarding process due to lower passenger numbers. Furthermore, weekends, while experiencing leisure travel demand, often exhibit different peak times compared to weekdays. Saturday mornings and Sunday evenings, for instance, might experience higher demand as leisure travelers begin and end their trips, potentially impacting flight durations during those specific periods.
Understanding these day-of-week variations in travel demand allows for strategic flight selection. Travelers prioritizing schedule predictability might opt for midweek flights to minimize potential delays associated with peak travel periods. Conversely, travelers with flexible schedules might leverage weekend travel patterns to potentially secure lower fares, accepting the possibility of increased travel time. Therefore, considering the day of the week in conjunction with other factors, such as time of year and airline choice, provides a comprehensive approach to managing travel time expectations between Tijuana and Mexico City. This awareness enables informed decision-making, optimizing flight selection based on individual travel priorities and schedule constraints.
6. Time of Day
Time of day exerts a subtle yet discernible influence on flight duration between Tijuana and Mexico City. This influence stems primarily from predictable patterns in airport congestion and air traffic control procedures. Early morning flights often experience shorter taxiing times and more expeditious departures due to reduced congestion at both origin and destination airports. For instance, a 6:00 AM flight from Tijuana is less likely to encounter delays associated with ground traffic compared to a flight departing during a busier midday period. Similarly, early morning arrivals in Mexico City often benefit from less congested airspace and quicker landing clearances. Conversely, flights scheduled during peak hours, typically mid-morning and late afternoon, may encounter extended taxiing times, holding patterns before takeoff, and potential delays upon arrival due to increased air traffic volume. A 4:00 PM departure from Tijuana, for example, might experience delays due to higher traffic volume at the airport and potential holding patterns before being cleared for takeoff by air traffic control. Late evening flights, while sometimes perceived as less desirable, can offer advantages in terms of reduced air traffic, potentially leading to quicker departures and arrivals. However, late evening flights also carry a heightened risk of disruption from unforeseen delays, as recovery options for missed connections or mechanical issues become more limited.
The impact of time of day on flight duration is further compounded by the interconnected nature of air traffic networks. A delay in an early morning flight originating in Tijuana can create a ripple effect, impacting subsequent flights throughout the day and potentially affecting later flights arriving in or departing from Mexico City. This cascading effect underscores the importance of considering time of day as a factor influencing not only individual flight durations but also the overall stability of air travel schedules. Furthermore, time of day interacts with other factors, such as day of the week and time of year, creating complex patterns of air traffic flow. A Friday afternoon flight during the peak summer travel season, for instance, is likely to experience more significant delays compared to a Tuesday morning flight during the off-season.
In conclusion, while direct flight duration remains a primary determinant of overall travel time, time of day introduces an additional layer of complexity. Understanding these temporal variations in air traffic patterns empowers travelers to make informed decisions about flight selection. By considering time of day in conjunction with other factors, such as day of the week and time of year, travelers can optimize their itineraries to minimize potential delays and enhance the predictability of their travel experience between Tijuana and Mexico City. This awareness contributes to more realistic expectations and a more proactive approach to managing potential travel disruptions.
7. Wind Conditions
Wind conditions represent a significant, albeit often overlooked, factor influencing flight duration between Tijuana and Mexico City. Prevailing winds along the flight path can either assist or impede an aircraft’s progress, directly affecting the time required to traverse the distance. Tailwinds, blowing in the same direction as the aircraft’s trajectory, effectively increase ground speed, potentially shortening flight time. Conversely, headwinds, blowing against the aircraft’s direction, reduce ground speed, leading to longer flight durations. The impact of wind conditions becomes particularly pronounced on longer flights, such as transcontinental routes, where even moderate wind speed variations can accumulate over time, resulting in noticeable differences in overall travel time. For example, a flight from Tijuana to Mexico City encountering strong tailwinds might arrive 15-20 minutes earlier than scheduled, whereas encountering strong headwinds could add a similar amount of time to the journey.
The influence of wind conditions extends beyond simple headwinds and tailwinds. Crosswinds, blowing perpendicular to the flight path, can introduce complexities during takeoff and landing, potentially requiring adjustments to runway approach angles and affecting ground speed. Strong crosswinds can necessitate holding patterns while awaiting more favorable conditions, indirectly adding to overall travel time. Furthermore, wind shear, a sudden change in wind speed or direction, poses a significant challenge for pilots, particularly during critical phases of flight like takeoff and landing. Wind shear can disrupt aircraft stability, requiring pilots to make adjustments to maintain control, potentially impacting flight duration. Sophisticated weather forecasting and real-time wind monitoring systems provide pilots with crucial information to anticipate and mitigate the effects of adverse wind conditions. This information is incorporated into flight planning, influencing route selection, altitude adjustments, and fuel consumption calculations. For example, pilots might choose a slightly different flight path to take advantage of favorable wind currents or adjust altitude to minimize the impact of headwinds.
Understanding the impact of wind conditions on flight duration is essential for managing travel expectations. While airlines account for typical wind patterns in their scheduling, unexpected shifts in wind speed or direction can introduce variations in actual flight times. Recognizing that wind is a dynamic and unpredictable element contributes to a more realistic assessment of potential travel time variability. This awareness reduces frustration stemming from unexpected delays and empowers travelers to approach air travel with a more informed perspective, recognizing the influence of natural forces on even the most meticulously planned itineraries.
8. Air Traffic Control
Air traffic control (ATC) plays a critical role in determining flight duration between Tijuana and Mexico City. ATC procedures directly influence taxiing times, departure sequencing, en-route flight paths, and arrival sequencing, all of which contribute to the overall time required to complete the journey. Understanding the influence of ATC is essential for managing expectations regarding flight durations and potential delays.
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Departure Sequencing
ATC manages the flow of departing aircraft, assigning takeoff slots and sequencing aircraft onto departure runways. During peak hours or periods of high traffic volume, aircraft may experience extended taxiing times while awaiting their assigned departure slot. This queuing process can add significant time to the overall flight duration, particularly during periods of congestion. For example, an aircraft scheduled for a morning departure from Tijuana might experience a delay of 15-20 minutes due to high departure traffic volume.
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En-Route Flight Path Management
ATC dictates the flight path an aircraft follows after departure, assigning altitudes and directing aircraft along established airways. These assigned flight paths may not always represent the most direct route between two points. ATC might direct aircraft along slightly longer routes to maintain safe separation between aircraft, manage traffic flow within specific airspace sectors, or navigate around weather systems. These deviations from the most direct route can add to overall flight time. For instance, an aircraft en route from Tijuana to Mexico City might be directed on a slightly longer path to avoid a developing thunderstorm cell over the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range.
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Arrival Sequencing and Holding Patterns
Similar to departure sequencing, ATC manages the arrival flow into Mexico City, assigning landing slots and directing aircraft into holding patterns when necessary. During peak arrival times or periods of inclement weather, aircraft may spend significant time circling in holding patterns before being cleared for landing. This waiting period can add considerable time to the overall flight duration, particularly during periods of high arrival traffic or unfavorable weather conditions at the destination airport. A flight arriving in Mexico City during a late afternoon thunderstorm might be held in a holding pattern for 20-30 minutes before being cleared for final approach.
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Ground Delays and Flow Control
In situations of extreme congestion or severe weather at the destination airport, ATC may implement ground delays at the origin airport. This means aircraft are held on the ground at Tijuana before departure to manage the flow of arriving traffic into Mexico City. These ground delays, while intended to mitigate congestion and ensure safe operations, directly add to the overall travel time. For example, a ground delay of one hour in Tijuana due to heavy fog in Mexico City would directly add an hour to the total journey time.
In summary, air traffic control exerts a substantial influence on the overall flight duration between Tijuana and Mexico City. While direct flight time represents the core airborne duration, ATC procedures related to departure and arrival sequencing, en-route flight path management, and ground delays contribute significantly to total travel time. Understanding the role of ATC and anticipating potential delays stemming from these procedures allows for more realistic travel planning and a more informed perspective on the variability of flight durations.
9. Airport Delays
Airport delays represent a critical factor influencing the overall duration of travel between Tijuana and Mexico City. While scheduled flight times provide a baseline estimate, various airport-specific factors can introduce delays, extending the total journey time. Understanding the potential sources of airport delays empowers travelers to manage expectations and plan accordingly.
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Security Checkpoint Delays
Security checkpoint procedures at both departure and arrival airports can introduce unpredictable delays. Increased passenger volume during peak travel times often leads to longer queues and processing times at security checkpoints. Unexpected security alerts or equipment malfunctions can further exacerbate these delays. A traveler departing from Tijuana during a busy holiday period might experience a 30-minute delay at the security checkpoint, impacting the overall travel schedule. Similarly, arriving passengers at Mexico City International Airport might encounter delays due to heightened security measures, adding to the total travel time. These delays, while essential for passenger safety, introduce variability into the overall journey duration.
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Gate Changes and Boarding Delays
Last-minute gate changes and boarding delays represent common sources of airport delays. Operational adjustments, late-arriving aircraft, or unforeseen maintenance requirements can necessitate gate changes, requiring passengers to relocate within the airport terminal. This can add to overall transit time and potentially lead to missed connections. Boarding delays, stemming from factors such as late-arriving crew, mechanical issues, or baggage loading complications, can further extend the departure time, impacting the overall travel schedule. For instance, a gate change at the Tijuana airport might require passengers to traverse a significant distance within the terminal, adding 15-20 minutes to the boarding process. Similarly, a mechanical issue requiring a brief inspection before departure could delay boarding by 30 minutes or more, impacting the arrival time in Mexico City.
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Baggage Handling Delays
Baggage handling processes at both departure and arrival airports can contribute to overall travel time variability. Delays in baggage loading onto the aircraft at Tijuana can delay departure, impacting the scheduled arrival time in Mexico City. Upon arrival, baggage claim delays can extend the overall journey time, particularly for travelers with tight connecting flight schedules. These delays can arise from factors such as equipment malfunctions, staffing shortages, or high baggage volume during peak travel periods. A traveler arriving in Mexico City might experience a 20-minute delay at baggage claim due to a backlog of arriving flights, impacting subsequent travel arrangements. Similarly, a baggage handling system malfunction at the Tijuana airport could delay departure while the issue is resolved, impacting the overall travel schedule.
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Customs and Immigration Procedures (for International Connections)
While the Tijuana to Mexico City route is domestic, travelers with international connecting flights might experience delays due to customs and immigration procedures at either airport. These procedures, while essential for border control and security, can introduce significant time variability, particularly during peak international travel periods. A traveler arriving in Tijuana from an international flight and connecting to Mexico City might experience a delay of one hour or more at customs and immigration, potentially jeopardizing the connecting flight and impacting the overall travel schedule. Similarly, a traveler arriving in Mexico City from Tijuana and connecting to an international flight might encounter delays at customs and immigration before boarding the international leg, impacting the overall journey duration.
In conclusion, airport delays represent a dynamic and often unpredictable element influencing the overall duration of travel between Tijuana and Mexico City. While scheduled flight times provide a baseline, these delays can introduce substantial variability, impacting connecting flight schedules and overall travel plans. Understanding the various sources of airport delays empowers travelers to anticipate potential disruptions, manage expectations, and adopt strategies to mitigate the impact of these delays on their travel experience.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common inquiries regarding flight durations between Tijuana and Mexico City.
Question 1: What is the typical flight duration between Tijuana and Mexico City?
Non-stop flights generally range from two to two and a half hours. Variations can occur due to factors such as weather, air traffic, and specific routing.
Question 2: How do connecting flights affect overall travel time?
Connecting flights introduce layovers, increasing total travel time significantly. Layover durations, airport navigation, and potential delays in connecting flights must be considered.
Question 3: Do different airlines impact flight duration?
Airlines utilize different aircraft types and routing strategies, which can influence flight times. Operational efficiencies and on-time performance records also contribute to overall travel time variability.
Question 4: How does time of year influence flight times?
Weather conditions and seasonal travel demand impact flight durations. Rainy season often leads to delays, while peak travel periods experience increased air traffic congestion, affecting flight schedules.
Question 5: What role does the day of the week play in flight durations?
Weekdays, especially Mondays and Fridays, typically experience higher air traffic volume due to business travel, potentially leading to delays. Midweek flights often encounter less congestion.
Question 6: How do airport-specific factors contribute to delays?
Security checkpoint procedures, gate changes, baggage handling processes, and customs/immigration procedures (for international connections) can all introduce delays, impacting overall travel time.
Careful consideration of these factors allows for a more comprehensive understanding of potential variations in travel time between Tijuana and Mexico City. Planning with these considerations in mind promotes a smoother and more predictable travel experience.
The next section provides practical tips for minimizing travel time and optimizing the journey between Tijuana and Mexico City.
Tips for Optimizing Travel Time Between Tijuana and Mexico City
Minimizing travel time requires a proactive approach to planning and navigating potential delays. These tips offer practical strategies for optimizing the journey between Tijuana and Mexico City.
Tip 1: Book Direct Flights Whenever Possible: Direct flights eliminate the inherent risks and time costs associated with layovers and connecting flights. While potentially more expensive, direct flights offer the most predictable and often quickest travel option.
Tip 2: Choose Airlines with Strong On-Time Performance Records: Airlines known for punctuality and efficient operations contribute to a more predictable travel experience. Researching airline performance statistics can inform selection and mitigate potential delays.
Tip 3: Consider Time of Year and Day of Week: Traveling during off-peak seasons and midweek days can minimize delays associated with high passenger volumes and increased air traffic. Flexibility in travel dates can significantly impact overall travel time.
Tip 4: Select Early Morning Flights: Early morning flights often experience less congestion at airports and smoother air traffic flow, potentially reducing taxiing times and departure delays. This can lead to a more predictable and efficient travel experience.
Tip 5: Monitor Weather Forecasts and Flight Status: Staying informed about weather conditions and potential flight disruptions allows for proactive adjustments to travel plans. Real-time flight tracking tools provide up-to-the-minute information regarding potential delays or schedule changes.
Tip 6: Utilize Airport Navigation Tools and Resources: Familiarizing oneself with airport layouts, gate locations, and transportation options within the airport can minimize transit time during connections or upon arrival. Airport maps and navigation apps can assist in efficient movement within the terminal.
Tip 7: Pack Light and Efficiently: Minimizing carry-on and checked baggage can streamline the security checkpoint process and reduce waiting time at baggage claim upon arrival. Efficient packing also facilitates easier navigation through airport terminals.
By implementing these strategies, travelers can mitigate potential delays and optimize their travel time between Tijuana and Mexico City. Proactive planning and informed decision-making contribute to a more efficient and less stressful travel experience.
This article concludes with a summary of key takeaways and a final perspective on managing travel time expectations.
Conclusion
Flight duration between Tijuana and Mexico City, while nominally two to two and a half hours for direct flights, represents a complex interplay of multiple factors. Airline selection, time of year, day of week, time of day, wind conditions, air traffic control, and airport-specific procedures all contribute to variations in actual travel time. Connecting flights introduce additional complexities and potential delays related to layovers, airport navigation, and baggage handling. Weather patterns, particularly during the rainy season, can significantly impact flight schedules and lead to unpredictable delays. Peak travel periods, influenced by seasonal demand and day-of-week variations, further contribute to increased air traffic congestion and potential delays. Understanding these factors provides a more nuanced perspective on managing travel time expectations.
Effective management of travel time requires a proactive approach encompassing informed flight selection, real-time flight tracking, and strategic planning to mitigate potential delays. Recognizing the dynamic nature of air travel and the multitude of factors influencing flight duration empowers travelers to navigate potential disruptions more effectively. By integrating these considerations into travel planning, individuals and businesses can optimize itineraries, minimize disruptions, and contribute to a more efficient and predictable travel experience between Tijuana and Mexico City.
