LAX to Auckland: 12-14 Hour Flight Time


LAX to Auckland: 12-14 Hour Flight Time

The duration of a journey by air between Los Angeles, California, and Auckland, New Zealand, is a significant factor for travelers. Typically, this transpacific flight takes between 12 and 13 hours nonstop, depending on factors such as wind conditions and specific flight paths. Connecting flights, which often involve a layover in another country, can significantly extend the total travel time, sometimes to over 24 hours.

Understanding the length of this journey is crucial for planning. Accurate estimates allow travelers to prepare for the extended time in the air, arrange for appropriate accommodations upon arrival, and minimize jet lag. Historically, this route has become progressively faster with advancements in aviation technology, making New Zealand increasingly accessible to North American travelers. This accessibility fosters tourism, business connections, and cultural exchange between the two regions.

This article will explore related topics, including factors influencing travel time, strategies for a more comfortable long-haul flight, and minimizing the effects of jet lag after arrival in Auckland.

1. Nonstop Flights

Nonstop flights represent the most time-efficient option for travel between Los Angeles and Auckland. Eliminating layovers significantly reduces total travel time, generally confining the journey to 12-13 hours. This direct routing contrasts sharply with connecting flights, which can add several hours, sometimes even a full day or more, to the overall duration. The time saved translates to less fatigue, faster arrival, and more rapid access to onward destinations or engagements in New Zealand. For time-sensitive travelers, such as business professionals or those with tight schedules, a nonstop flight offers significant advantages.

Airlines offering nonstop service on this route typically utilize long-haul aircraft specifically designed for such distances. These aircraft often offer amenities geared towards passenger comfort during extended flights, such as lie-flat seats in premium cabins and enhanced entertainment systems. Choosing a nonstop flight minimizes potential disruptions inherent in connecting itineraries, such as missed connections due to delays or the added complexity of navigating multiple airports. This reduced risk contributes to a more predictable and reliable travel experience. For example, a business traveler needing to arrive in Auckland for a morning meeting would likely prioritize a nonstop overnight flight from Los Angeles to ensure timely arrival.

While nonstop flights offer considerable benefits in terms of time efficiency and convenience, factors such as availability, cost, and specific departure/arrival times remain relevant considerations. Travelers should weigh these factors against individual needs and preferences when selecting the most suitable flight option. Understanding the inherent advantages of nonstop service in the context of long-haul travel, particularly on a route as lengthy as Los Angeles to Auckland, facilitates informed decision-making and contributes to a more positive overall travel experience.

2. Connecting Flights

Connecting flights represent an alternative to nonstop service for travel between Los Angeles and Auckland, impacting overall journey duration significantly. While potentially offering cost savings or increased route flexibility, connecting itineraries introduce additional complexities and considerations regarding total travel time. Understanding the various facets of connecting flights is crucial for travelers evaluating this option.

  • Layover Duration and Location

    Layovers, the time spent between connecting flights, can range from a short hour to an extended overnight stay. The layover location influences the overall experience, with some airports offering more amenities and conveniences than others. For instance, a brief layover in Sydney might involve a simple transfer between gates, while an overnight layover in Fiji could allow for a brief exploration of the island. Layover duration directly impacts the total “flight time la to auckland nz,” adding significantly to the journey, sometimes exceeding the time spent in the air. Choosing a shorter layover minimizes overall travel time but increases the risk of missed connections due to unforeseen delays. Longer layovers provide more buffer time but extend the overall duration of the journey.

  • Airline Partnerships and Interline Agreements

    Connecting flights often involve multiple airlines operating under codeshare agreements or interline partnerships. These arrangements allow passengers to book a single itinerary encompassing flights operated by different carriers. However, baggage transfer policies vary between airlines, sometimes necessitating baggage retrieval and re-checking during a layover. This process adds time and complexity to the overall travel experience. For example, a connection involving two airlines without a baggage interline agreement may require passengers to collect their checked luggage and proceed through customs and immigration before checking in for their connecting flight, even if both flights are within the same airport. Understanding these inter-airline relationships and their baggage handling procedures is vital for minimizing transit times.

  • Potential for Delays and Missed Connections

    Connecting flights introduce the possibility of missed connections due to delays in the initial flight leg. Factors such as adverse weather, mechanical issues, or air traffic congestion can disrupt flight schedules. The risk of missed connections necessitates considering buffer time when selecting connecting itineraries, particularly when the layover duration is short. Missing a connection can lead to significant delays, requiring rebooking onto later flights and potentially impacting onward travel arrangements. For example, a delayed departure from Los Angeles could result in a missed connection in Sydney, potentially delaying arrival in Auckland by several hours or even a full day, depending on the availability of subsequent flights.

  • Cost Considerations and Cabin Class Consistency

    Connecting flights sometimes offer cost advantages compared to nonstop service. However, comparing fares requires careful consideration of baggage fees, potential layover expenses, and the overall travel time. Additionally, cabin class consistency across connecting flights might not always be guaranteed. A premium cabin experience on the first leg might not be replicated on the connecting flight if operated by a different airline with varying cabin configurations. For example, a traveler booking business class on a connecting itinerary might experience a lie-flat seat on the transpacific leg but a standard recliner seat on a shorter connecting flight, impacting overall comfort during the journey. Careful evaluation of these factors ensures the chosen itinerary aligns with budget and travel expectations.

Ultimately, the decision between a connecting flight and a nonstop flight depends on individual priorities and circumstances. While connecting flights may offer lower fares or access to a wider range of destinations, they introduce complexities that can significantly impact overall travel time and convenience. Careful consideration of layover durations, airline partnerships, potential delays, and cost factors, allows travelers to make informed choices aligned with their specific needs and preferences when traveling between Los Angeles and Auckland.

3. Airline Variations

Different airlines operating between Los Angeles and Auckland employ varying strategies that influence overall journey duration. These variations, seemingly minor individually, can collectively contribute to noticeable differences in flight times. Understanding these airline-specific factors empowers travelers to make informed decisions aligned with their schedules and preferences.

  • Aircraft Type and Routing

    Airlines utilize different aircraft types on the Los Angeles-Auckland route, each with varying cruising speeds and fuel efficiency. This choice directly impacts flight duration. Additionally, airlines may opt for different flight paths, influenced by factors such as prevailing winds and air traffic control. A more direct route, although sometimes subject to stronger headwinds, can result in a shorter flight time compared to a less direct route with calmer air currents. For example, an airline operating a newer, more fuel-efficient aircraft might choose a more direct route with higher cruising speeds, potentially reducing the overall flight time compared to an airline using an older aircraft on a less direct route.

  • Scheduled Layovers and Technical Stops

    While some airlines offer nonstop service, others may schedule layovers for technical reasons, such as refueling or crew changes, even on ostensibly direct flights. These stops, though not intended for passenger disembarkation, add time to the total journey. The duration of these technical stops varies depending on the airline’s operational procedures and the specific requirements of the aircraft being used. For example, an airline operating an ultra-long-haul flight might schedule a brief technical stop for refueling, adding an hour or two to the overall journey time, even though passengers remain onboard the aircraft.

  • In-Flight Service and Amenities

    While not directly impacting air time, the level of in-flight service and amenities offered can influence the perceived duration of the flight. Airlines prioritizing efficiency might minimize service interactions, potentially leading to a faster turnaround time at the gate. Conversely, airlines offering more elaborate meal services or in-flight entertainment options might experience slightly longer ground times, indirectly affecting the overall journey duration. These variations, though seemingly minor, contribute to the overall travel experience and should be considered alongside scheduled flight times when comparing airlines.

  • Seasonal Schedules and Route Adjustments

    Airlines adjust schedules and routes seasonally, influenced by factors such as passenger demand and prevailing wind patterns. During peak seasons, airlines might add more frequent flights, potentially leading to more direct routings and shorter flight times. Conversely, off-season schedules may involve less frequent service and potentially longer, less direct flight paths to consolidate passenger loads. These seasonal variations contribute to fluctuations in overall travel time between Los Angeles and Auckland and warrant consideration when planning travel during different times of the year. For example, an airline might offer a direct flight during peak season, reducing travel time, but only offer a connecting flight during the off-season, increasing overall duration.

Considering these airline-specific variations provides travelers with a more comprehensive understanding of potential journey durations between Los Angeles and Auckland. Evaluating factors such as aircraft type, routing, scheduled stops, and seasonal adjustments allows for informed comparisons and facilitates selection of the most suitable itinerary based on individual priorities and travel needs. While the advertised flight time provides a baseline estimate, understanding these nuances reveals a more complete picture of the overall travel experience and helps travelers minimize potential surprises or unexpected delays.

4. Seasonal Changes

Seasonal variations significantly influence prevailing weather patterns and jet stream currents across the Pacific, consequently impacting flight times between Los Angeles and Auckland. Understanding these seasonal shifts allows travelers to anticipate potential variations in journey duration and plan accordingly.

  • Jet Stream Impact

    The jet stream, a band of strong winds high in the atmosphere, flows eastward across the Pacific. Its position and strength shift seasonally. During the northern hemisphere’s winter, the jet stream strengthens and dips southward, potentially providing a tailwind boost for westbound flights from Los Angeles to Auckland, reducing travel time. Conversely, during the northern hemisphere’s summer, the jet stream weakens and shifts northward, potentially leading to headwinds on this route, increasing flight duration.

  • Prevailing Wind Patterns

    Seasonal changes affect prevailing wind patterns at lower altitudes. These winds, while less powerful than the jet stream, also influence flight times. For example, during certain seasons, consistent westerly winds can assist westbound flights, while easterly winds might hinder them, and vice versa for eastbound flights. Airlines consider these patterns when planning routes and scheduling flights, adjusting flight times as needed to account for anticipated wind conditions.

  • Weather Systems and Turbulence

    Seasonal changes influence the frequency and intensity of weather systems across the Pacific. During certain seasons, increased storm activity or turbulent air pockets may necessitate flight path adjustments to circumvent these areas, potentially increasing flight times. While airlines prioritize passenger safety and comfort, these unavoidable deviations occasionally contribute to longer journeys. For instance, during the typhoon season in the western Pacific, flights may need to reroute to avoid storms, adding time to the overall journey.

  • Airline Schedule Adjustments

    Airlines adjust flight schedules seasonally to accommodate fluctuating demand and optimize operational efficiency. During peak travel seasons, airlines may increase flight frequency and utilize larger aircraft, potentially leading to more direct routes and shorter flight times. Conversely, during off-peak seasons, airlines may reduce flight frequency and employ smaller aircraft, potentially resulting in less direct routes and longer overall travel times. These adjustments reflect a balance between passenger demand, operational costs, and the prevailing seasonal conditions.

By recognizing the influence of seasonal changes on flight times between Los Angeles and Auckland, travelers can anticipate potential variations in journey duration. Considering factors such as the jet stream, prevailing winds, and seasonal weather patterns allows for more realistic expectations and facilitates proactive planning. Consulting airline schedules and considering travel dates in light of these seasonal influences empowers travelers to select itineraries that best align with their individual needs and schedules.

5. Wind Conditions

Wind conditions represent a significant factor influencing flight times between Los Angeles and Auckland. The impact of air currents at varying altitudes necessitates careful consideration by airlines when planning routes and predicting flight durations. Understanding these influences allows travelers to appreciate the dynamic nature of transpacific flight times and manage expectations accordingly.

  • Jet Stream Impact

    The jet stream, a high-altitude corridor of fast-moving air, exerts considerable influence on aircraft traversing the Pacific. Westbound flights, like those from Los Angeles to Auckland, can experience either tailwinds or headwinds depending on the jet stream’s position and strength. A strong tailwind can significantly reduce flight time, while a strong headwind can add hours to the journey. Airlines analyze jet stream forecasts to optimize flight paths and minimize headwind encounters, but its inherent variability necessitates flexibility in scheduling.

  • Lower Altitude Winds

    While less powerful than the jet stream, lower altitude winds also contribute to variations in flight times. These winds, influenced by regional weather patterns and pressure systems, can either assist or impede an aircraft’s progress. Their impact, though less dramatic than the jet stream, accumulates over a long-haul flight like Los Angeles to Auckland, contributing to noticeable differences in overall journey duration.

  • Turbulence and Flight Path Adjustments

    Unfavorable wind conditions can generate turbulence, impacting passenger comfort and potentially necessitating flight path deviations. Airlines prioritize passenger safety and comfort, adjusting routes to avoid areas of significant turbulence. These adjustments, while necessary, can add to the overall flight time as aircraft navigate around turbulent zones. For example, encountering unexpected turbulence might require a flight to ascend or descend to a different altitude with more favorable wind conditions, adding to the overall journey time.

  • Wind Shear and Takeoff/Landing

    Wind shear, a sudden change in wind speed or direction, poses challenges during takeoff and landing. Strong wind shear can impact aircraft performance, requiring pilots to adjust takeoff and landing procedures. While not directly influencing in-flight time, significant wind shear at either Los Angeles or Auckland airports can lead to delays, indirectly affecting overall travel time. For example, strong wind shear during landing in Auckland might require an aircraft to circle the airport until conditions improve, adding to the total journey duration.

Therefore, wind conditions represent a complex and dynamic factor affecting flight times between Los Angeles and Auckland. While airlines employ sophisticated meteorological data and forecasting models to predict and mitigate wind-related impacts, the inherent variability of atmospheric conditions necessitates flexibility in scheduling and route planning. Recognizing this interplay between wind and flight duration allows travelers to appreciate the complexities of long-haul aviation and manage expectations accordingly.

6. Aircraft Type

The aircraft type deployed on the Los Angeles to Auckland route directly influences flight duration. Different aircraft possess varying performance characteristics, impacting cruising speed, fuel efficiency, and maximum range. These factors contribute to noticeable differences in overall travel time. Understanding the relationship between aircraft type and flight duration allows travelers to make informed decisions when selecting flights and managing expectations regarding journey length.

  • Cruising Speed and Fuel Efficiency

    Modern aircraft designed for long-haul routes, such as the Boeing 787 Dreamliner or Airbus A350, typically boast higher cruising speeds and greater fuel efficiency compared to older generation aircraft. This translates to faster journey times and potentially more direct routes. For instance, a Boeing 787 might complete the Los Angeles to Auckland journey faster than an older Boeing 777 due to its advanced aerodynamic design and more efficient engines, even if the 777 takes a slightly more direct route. These differences, while seemingly marginal on paper, become significant over the course of a transpacific flight.

  • Maximum Range and Payload Capacity

    Aircraft with greater range can often fly more direct routes, reducing overall travel time. Payload capacity also influences flight planning. A heavier aircraft, carrying more passengers or cargo, might require a longer flight path or a refueling stop, adding to the journey’s duration. For example, an aircraft near its maximum payload capacity might need to take a less direct route to avoid strong headwinds or might require a refueling stop, adding to the overall flight time.

  • Impact of Headwinds and Tailwinds

    Different aircraft types respond differently to wind conditions. Some aircraft are designed to handle strong headwinds more efficiently, maintaining higher speeds even in challenging atmospheric conditions. This capability can influence an airline’s route planning and potentially reduce delays caused by adverse winds. Conversely, an aircraft less adept at managing headwinds might require a longer, less direct route to avoid strong winds, impacting overall flight time. For example, while a modern aircraft like the A350 can maintain a relatively high speed even with moderate headwinds, impacting the overall flight time only slightly, an older generation aircraft might experience a more noticeable decrease in speed, necessitating adjustments in flight path and increasing the overall journey time to a larger extent.

  • Airline Operational Choices

    Airlines consider various factors beyond aircraft performance when determining flight times, including operational costs, maintenance schedules, and crew availability. These considerations can influence the choice of aircraft deployed on a specific route and indirectly impact flight duration. For example, an airline might opt to use a slightly slower but more fuel-efficient aircraft on the Los Angeles to Auckland route to minimize operational costs, even if it means a marginally longer flight time.

In summary, aircraft type is a crucial determinant of flight time between Los Angeles and Auckland. Factors such as cruising speed, fuel efficiency, range, and payload capacity, combined with prevailing wind conditions and airline operational choices, contribute to variations in journey duration. Understanding these interrelationships allows travelers to anticipate potential differences in flight times and make informed choices based on individual preferences and travel needs.

7. Return Flights

Return flights between Auckland and Los Angeles introduce a critical aspect to overall travel time often overlooked: the earth’s rotation. This rotation generates prevailing winds, significantly impacting eastbound and westbound flight durations. Westbound flights, from Los Angeles to Auckland, typically benefit from tailwinds, effectively shortening travel time. Conversely, eastbound return flights often contend with headwinds, increasing journey duration. This asymmetry in flight times necessitates careful consideration when planning roundtrip itineraries. For example, a traveler might experience a 12-hour flight from Los Angeles to Auckland but endure a 14-hour return flight due to these prevailing wind patterns.

Beyond wind influence, other factors contribute to variations in return flight times. Seasonal shifts in the jet stream further exacerbate these differences. During certain times of the year, the jet stream intensifies, creating stronger tailwinds for westbound flights and stronger headwinds for eastbound flights, amplifying the already existing asymmetry. Furthermore, airlines might employ different routes for eastbound and westbound flights to optimize for wind conditions and air traffic control. These route variations introduce additional complexities in predicting precise return flight times. For instance, an airline might choose a more northerly route for a westbound flight to capitalize on favorable jet stream conditions, while opting for a more southerly route for the eastbound return flight to mitigate stronger headwinds, leading to noticeable variations in flight duration.

Understanding the impact of the earth’s rotation and seasonal jet stream variations allows travelers to anticipate and accommodate potential discrepancies between outbound and return flight durations. Accurate estimations of both legs of the journey are essential for effective itinerary planning, minimizing potential disruptions, and managing expectations regarding overall travel time. Failing to account for these factors can lead to misaligned schedules, missed connections, or unexpected delays. By considering these influences, travelers can approach their transpacific journeys with greater preparedness and a more realistic understanding of the time commitment involved in traveling between Los Angeles and Auckland.

8. Time Zone Difference

The significant time zone difference between Los Angeles and Auckland profoundly impacts the travel experience, adding a layer of complexity beyond the actual flight duration. Auckland is 20 hours ahead of Los Angeles during standard time and 21 hours ahead during daylight saving time. This substantial difference necessitates careful planning to mitigate the effects of jet lag and manage schedules effectively. While a westbound flight physically takes approximately 12-13 hours, the arrival time in Auckland is typically a day later than the departure time from Los Angeles. For example, a flight departing Los Angeles at 10:00 PM on Monday arrives in Auckland at 6:00 AM on Wednesday, effectively losing a day due to crossing the International Date Line. Conversely, an eastbound flight seemingly arrives before it departs, creating a time warp effect. This temporal shift requires careful adjustment of watches, electronic devices, and mental preparedness for the transition.

The impact of this time difference extends beyond simply adjusting to local time. Travelers must consider the effects of jet lag, a physiological condition resulting from rapid travel across multiple time zones. Symptoms include fatigue, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, and digestive issues. The severity of jet lag often correlates with the number of time zones crossed. The substantial time difference between Los Angeles and Auckland increases the likelihood of experiencing jet lag. Strategies to mitigate these effects include adjusting sleep schedules before departure, staying hydrated during the flight, and exposing oneself to natural light upon arrival in Auckland. For instance, travelers could begin shifting their sleep schedule a few days before departure, gradually adjusting to the Auckland time zone to lessen the impact upon arrival. Upon arrival, spending time outdoors can help regulate the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle, promoting faster acclimatization.

Understanding and accounting for the time zone difference between Los Angeles and Auckland is crucial for a smooth and productive travel experience. Accurate calculations of arrival and departure times, coupled with strategies to mitigate jet lag, empower travelers to maximize their time in New Zealand and minimize the physiological challenges associated with long-haul transpacific flights. Failing to address this critical aspect can lead to scheduling conflicts, missed appointments, and a diminished overall travel experience. Careful preparation and awareness of the time zone difference ensure a more seamless transition and allow travelers to fully enjoy their time in New Zealand.

Frequently Asked Questions

This section addresses common inquiries regarding the duration and nuances of air travel between Los Angeles and Auckland.

Question 1: What is the typical nonstop flight duration between Los Angeles and Auckland?

Nonstop flights generally range from 12 to 13 hours, subject to variations due to wind conditions and specific flight paths.

Question 2: How does the time zone difference affect arrival time in Auckland?

Auckland is 20-21 hours ahead of Los Angeles. A flight departing Los Angeles on Monday night typically arrives in Auckland on Wednesday morning.

Question 3: Do return flights from Auckland to Los Angeles take the same amount of time?

Return flights often take longer due to prevailing headwinds, potentially adding 1-2 hours to the journey compared to westbound flights.

Question 4: How do connecting flights impact overall travel time?

Connecting flights, involving layovers, significantly extend travel time, sometimes by a full day or more, depending on the layover duration and location.

Question 5: What factors influence variations in flight durations beyond scheduled times?

Wind conditions, aircraft type, seasonal changes, and airline-specific routing decisions all contribute to variations in actual flight times.

Question 6: How can travelers minimize the effects of jet lag on this route?

Adjusting sleep schedules before departure, staying hydrated during the flight, and seeking natural light upon arrival can help mitigate jet lag.

Awareness of these factors allows for informed travel planning and a smoother transition between Los Angeles and Auckland.

The subsequent sections will delve deeper into specific strategies for managing long-haul flights and maximizing time upon arrival in Auckland.

Tips for Managing Long-Haul Flights to Auckland

Strategies exist to mitigate the challenges of long-haul air travel, particularly relevant for the extended journey between Los Angeles and Auckland. Implementing these strategies enhances passenger comfort and facilitates a smoother transition upon arrival.

Tip 1: Pre-flight Adjustments

Adjusting sleep schedules several days prior to departure helps minimize the effects of jet lag. Gradually shifting sleep and wake times towards the destination’s time zone eases the transition. This preemptive adjustment allows the body to begin acclimatizing before the journey commences, reducing the severity of jet lag upon arrival.

Tip 2: In-Flight Comfort

Selecting appropriate attire, such as loose-fitting clothing and comfortable shoes, promotes relaxation during the flight. Carrying essential items like a neck pillow, eye mask, and earplugs enhances comfort and facilitates rest. These measures contribute to a more restful in-flight experience, reducing fatigue upon arrival.

Tip 3: Hydration and Nutrition

Maintaining adequate hydration is crucial during long flights. Consuming plenty of water and avoiding excessive caffeine or alcohol helps combat dehydration and its associated fatigue. Choosing nutritious meals and snacks over sugary or processed foods contributes to sustained energy levels and overall well-being throughout the flight.

Tip 4: Movement and Circulation

Periodically moving and stretching during the flight promotes circulation and reduces stiffness. Walking the aisles or performing simple seated exercises helps prevent muscle cramps and discomfort associated with prolonged sitting. This regular movement contributes to increased alertness and reduces fatigue upon arrival.

Tip 5: Entertainment and Relaxation

Utilizing in-flight entertainment systems or bringing personal entertainment options, such as books or downloaded movies, provides distraction and relaxation during the flight. Listening to calming music or engaging in mindfulness exercises can reduce stress and promote relaxation. These activities contribute to a more pleasant and less arduous journey.

Tip 6: Cabin Pressure and Ear Discomfort

Changes in cabin pressure during ascent and descent can cause ear discomfort. Chewing gum, swallowing frequently, or using specialized earplugs helps equalize pressure and alleviate discomfort. These simple techniques minimize potential ear pain and contribute to a more comfortable flight experience.

Tip 7: Post-Arrival Acclimatization

Upon arrival in Auckland, exposing oneself to natural light helps regulate the body’s internal clock and promotes faster adaptation to the new time zone. Avoiding napping immediately upon arrival, even if fatigued, further assists in adjusting to the local sleep-wake cycle. This immediate acclimatization strategy minimizes jet lag’s impact and allows for quicker adjustment to the new time zone.

Implementing these strategies enhances the overall experience of long-haul travel, minimizing discomfort and promoting well-being upon arrival in Auckland. These preemptive measures contribute to a more enjoyable and productive journey, allowing travelers to maximize their time in New Zealand.

The concluding section of this article will synthesize key takeaways and provide final recommendations for planning travel between Los Angeles and Auckland.

Conclusion

The duration of a flight from Los Angeles to Auckland represents a crucial element impacting travel experiences. This article explored key factors influencing travel time, including nonstop versus connecting flights, airline variations, seasonal changes, wind conditions, aircraft type, return flight differences, and the significant time zone shift. Understanding these elements allows for informed decision-making and realistic expectations regarding overall journey length. Strategies for managing long-haul flights and mitigating jet lag were also presented, emphasizing the importance of preparation and in-flight practices for a more comfortable and productive travel experience.

Effective planning, informed by the insights provided, empowers travelers to navigate the complexities of transpacific journeys. Careful consideration of these factors optimizes travel time and minimizes potential disruptions. This proactive approach ensures a smoother, more enjoyable, and ultimately more rewarding travel experience between Los Angeles and Auckland.