9+ Best RC Flight Simulators: Top Picks 2024


9+ Best RC Flight Simulators: Top Picks 2024

Top-tier software solutions for simulated radio-controlled aircraft operation offer realistic virtual environments for practicing flight skills and experimenting with various aircraft models. These applications typically include accurate physics engines, detailed aircraft models, and customizable controller settings. A hypothetical example includes a user practicing aerobatic maneuvers with a virtual replica of a specific airplane model before attempting the same maneuvers with a physical aircraft.

Effective simulated flight training provides a safe and cost-effective alternative to real-world practice, mitigating the risks associated with pilot error and equipment damage. This approach allows users to hone their skills, explore different aircraft configurations, and learn advanced techniques in a controlled setting. Historically, simulated flight has played a significant role in both civilian and military pilot training, evolving from basic instrument trainers to sophisticated, immersive simulations. The development of powerful personal computers and readily available software has made this technology accessible to hobbyists and aspiring pilots alike.

The following sections will delve into specific features to consider when selecting a suitable program, popular software options available on the market, and practical tips for maximizing learning potential within these virtual environments.

1. Realism

Realism stands as a cornerstone of effective radio-controlled flight simulation. A high degree of fidelity to real-world physics and environmental conditions significantly impacts the training value and overall user experience. Achieving realistic simulation involves meticulous attention to several key facets.

  • Physics Modeling

    Accurate physics modeling forms the foundation of a realistic simulator. This includes precise simulation of aerodynamic forces, such as lift, drag, and thrust, as well as environmental factors like wind and turbulence. For instance, a well-designed simulator will accurately replicate the stall characteristics of an aircraft, allowing users to experience and learn how to recover from such scenarios safely within the virtual environment. Accurate physics modeling directly translates to improved skill transfer to real-world flying.

  • Environmental Detail

    Detailed environments further enhance immersion and realism. This encompasses high-resolution terrain, accurate representation of vegetation and buildings, and realistic weather patterns. Simulating various lighting conditions, from bright sunlight to overcast skies, and incorporating factors like ground effect adds to the authenticity. Practicing in diverse virtual environments prepares users for real-world scenarios they may encounter.

  • Aircraft Response

    Realistic aircraft response is crucial for effective training. The simulator should accurately reproduce the handling characteristics of different aircraft models, including their responsiveness to control inputs and their behavior in various flight regimes. This allows users to develop a feel for how different aircraft handle, contributing to improved proficiency and adaptability when transitioning to real-world flying. Accurately simulated control surface deflections and their resulting impact on the aircraft’s attitude are vital components of this aspect.

  • Sound Design

    Authentic sound design contributes significantly to the immersive experience. Accurate engine sounds, wind noise, and other audio cues enhance the sense of presence within the virtual environment. Hearing realistic engine sounds allows users to better judge throttle settings and monitor engine performance, further bridging the gap between simulation and reality.

The convergence of these elements accurate physics, detailed environments, realistic aircraft response, and authentic sound design creates a highly immersive and effective training environment. A simulator excelling in these areas provides users with valuable experience and prepares them for the challenges of real-world flight, ultimately contributing to safer and more proficient radio-controlled aircraft operation.

2. Aircraft Selection

A hallmark of high-quality radio-controlled flight simulators lies in the breadth and depth of their aircraft selection. The availability of diverse aircraft models, spanning various categories and performance characteristics, directly impacts a simulator’s utility and relevance to a wide range of users. This breadth caters to individual preferences and learning objectives, allowing pilots to virtually experience aircraft they may own or aspire to fly in the real world. Furthermore, practicing with different aircraft types within the simulator promotes a deeper understanding of aerodynamic principles and control techniques.

A comprehensive aircraft selection might include trainers, sport planes, aerobatic aircraft, helicopters, drones, and even historically significant models. This variety allows novice pilots to start with stable, predictable trainers and progressively transition to more complex and agile aircraft as their skills develop. Experienced pilots, on the other hand, can refine their skills with specific models or explore entirely new flight disciplines. For example, a simulator offering a range of helicopters with varying rotor head configurations allows users to understand the nuances of each design and its impact on flight characteristics. Similarly, the inclusion of both electric-powered and glow-powered aircraft models exposes users to the differences in performance and handling between these propulsion systems.

The inclusion of accurate flight models for each aircraft is as crucial as the variety itself. Accurate flight models replicate the specific performance characteristics and handling qualities of real-world counterparts. This accuracy enables effective skill transfer from the simulator to actual flight operations. Furthermore, access to a wide range of aircraft within the simulator allows users to experiment with different setups and tuning options without the financial investment and potential risks associated with modifying physical aircraft. A user might, for instance, experiment with different propeller sizes and pitch settings on a virtual model to understand their impact on performance before applying similar changes to their real-world aircraft.

3. Physics Engine

A robust physics engine forms the core of any high-fidelity radio-controlled flight simulator. It dictates how virtual aircraft behave within the simulated environment, governing their response to control inputs, aerodynamic forces, and environmental factors. The fidelity of the physics engine directly impacts the realism and training value of the simulator, influencing everything from basic flight characteristics to complex maneuvers. A sophisticated physics engine bridges the gap between virtual practice and real-world flight, providing a valuable tool for skill development and experimentation.

  • Aerodynamic Modeling

    Accurate aerodynamic modeling is paramount for realistic flight simulation. The physics engine must precisely calculate forces like lift, drag, and thrust, taking into account factors such as airspeed, angle of attack, and control surface deflections. Simulating stall behavior, for instance, requires precise calculations based on airfoil characteristics and airflow patterns. This allows pilots to experience and understand aerodynamic principles in a safe, controlled environment.

  • Environmental Influences

    The physics engine must also account for environmental factors like wind, turbulence, and air density. Realistically simulating how these factors affect aircraft stability and control is crucial for effective training. For example, accurately modeling wind gusts allows pilots to practice compensating for their effects, enhancing their ability to maintain control in challenging conditions.

  • Aircraft-Specific Parameters

    Different aircraft possess unique performance characteristics. A sophisticated physics engine accounts for these differences by incorporating aircraft-specific parameters, such as weight, wingspan, and control surface area. This ensures each virtual aircraft handles realistically, reflecting its real-world counterpart’s behavior. Accurately simulating the responsiveness of a particular aircraft model to control inputs, for instance, is crucial for providing a realistic and effective training experience.

  • Collision Detection and Response

    Collision detection and response contribute to the realism and safety of the simulation. The physics engine detects collisions with terrain or other objects and simulates the resulting consequences. This might involve damage to the virtual aircraft or changes in its flight path. While avoiding collisions is the primary goal, practicing recovery techniques after simulated collisions can provide valuable experience for handling unexpected real-world situations, albeit with significantly lower stakes.

The interplay of these elements within a robust physics engine determines the overall fidelity and effectiveness of a radio-controlled flight simulator. Accurate aerodynamic modeling, realistic environmental influences, aircraft-specific parameters, and robust collision detection combine to create a compelling and valuable training environment. Ultimately, the closer the simulator’s physics engine reflects real-world conditions, the better it prepares pilots for the challenges and nuances of actual flight.

4. Environment Variety

Environment variety significantly contributes to the effectiveness of a top-tier radio-controlled flight simulator. Offering a range of landscapes, weather conditions, and geographical locations elevates the training experience beyond repetitive practice in a single, static environment. This diversity fosters adaptability, allowing pilots to hone their skills in scenarios mirroring real-world conditions and challenges. A simulator restricted to a single airfield limits practical experience, while one offering diverse environmentsfrom mountainous terrain to coastal regions, and from calm conditions to strong windsprepares pilots for the complexities of diverse flying locations. This exposure cultivates a broader skill set, applicable to various situations encountered in actual flight.

Consider a pilot practicing for an upcoming competition in a coastal area. A simulator offering a coastal environment with accurate wind and turbulence modeling allows specific preparation for the anticipated conditions. Similarly, practicing in simulated mountainous terrain prepares pilots for the challenges of updrafts, downdrafts, and variable wind patterns typical of such regions. The ability to switch between different times of day and weather conditions within the simulator adds further realism and practical value. For example, practicing landings in low-light conditions within the simulator can significantly improve pilot confidence and competence when faced with similar situations in real-world flying. The availability of varied environments fosters comprehensive skill development, allowing pilots to anticipate and manage challenges effectively.

Ultimately, environment variety distinguishes a basic simulator from a truly valuable training tool. It allows pilots to develop a broader range of skills, adapt to different flying conditions, and refine their decision-making processes in diverse scenarios. This breadth of experience translates to increased confidence, improved safety, and a higher level of preparedness for the dynamic nature of real-world radio-controlled flight. The capacity to customize environmentsadding custom landscapes or modifying existing onesfurther enhances the simulator’s utility, tailoring the experience to specific training goals or personal preferences.

5. Controller Compatibility

Seamless integration with a wide range of radio-controlled transmitters is a critical factor in determining the effectiveness of a flight simulator. Controller compatibility directly impacts the realism and training value of the simulation experience. Utilizing familiar hardware eliminates the need to learn new control schemes, allowing pilots to focus on developing flight skills rather than adapting to unfamiliar inputs. This compatibility bridges the gap between virtual and real-world flying, ensuring a smooth transition between simulated practice and actual aircraft operation.

  • Supported Transmitter Protocols

    A simulator’s value increases proportionally with the number of transmitter protocols it supports. Compatibility with popular protocols, such as USB HID, PPM, S.BUS, and DSM, ensures broader accessibility for users with various transmitter models. Supporting a wider range of protocols minimizes compatibility issues, allowing pilots to use their preferred hardware without requiring specialized adapters or modifications.

  • Calibration and Configuration Options

    Robust calibration and configuration options are essential for accurately mapping transmitter inputs to the simulator’s controls. The ability to fine-tune control sensitivity, dead zones, and other parameters ensures precise control and a personalized feel. Offering granular control over these settings optimizes the simulator’s responsiveness, mirroring the feel of a real-world aircraft.

  • Mode Switching and Advanced Features

    Support for mode switching and advanced transmitter features, such as flight modes and programmable mixes, enhances the realism and training potential of the simulator. Replicating the functionality of advanced transmitters within the virtual environment allows pilots to practice complex maneuvers and explore advanced flight control techniques without risking physical aircraft. This feature is crucial for those using simulators to practice for competitions or to transition to more sophisticated aircraft.

  • Latency and Responsiveness

    Minimizing latencythe delay between control input and simulated aircraft responseis crucial for a realistic and immersive experience. A responsive simulator with minimal lag allows pilots to react quickly and accurately, mirroring the real-time control required in actual flight. High latency can detract from the realism and effectiveness of the simulator, hindering precise control and accurate feedback. Therefore, prioritizing low latency is a key consideration in a quality simulator.

Effective controller compatibility facilitates a seamless transition between simulated and real-world flight. The ability to use familiar hardware, fine-tune control settings, and replicate advanced transmitter functionalities significantly enhances the training value and overall realism of the simulation experience. Optimal controller compatibility contributes significantly to a simulator’s classification as a “best” option by maximizing user accessibility and ensuring effective skill development.

6. Training Modes

Structured training modes distinguish a comprehensive radio-controlled flight simulator from a basic virtual flying environment. These modes offer guided instruction and progressive learning paths, transforming the simulator from a recreational tool into a powerful instrument for skill development. Effective training modes cater to pilots of varying skill levels, from beginners learning fundamental maneuvers to experienced pilots refining advanced techniques. A “best” RC flight simulator incorporates training modules that systematically introduce new concepts, build upon existing skills, and provide opportunities for targeted practice. For instance, a dedicated training mode for hovering allows novice helicopter pilots to master this critical skill in a safe, controlled environment before attempting it with a physical aircraft. Similarly, a module focused on aerobatic maneuvers provides structured guidance for learning complex routines, breaking them down into manageable steps.

The impact of well-designed training modes extends beyond basic skill acquisition. Structured learning experiences within the simulator cultivate disciplined practice habits, promoting methodical skill development and reducing the likelihood of developing bad habits that can be difficult to unlearn in real-world flying. Consider a pilot learning to perform a specific aerobatic sequence. A training mode dedicated to that sequence provides step-by-step instruction, immediate feedback on performance, and opportunities for repetitive practice, leading to consistent, accurate execution. Furthermore, training modes focusing on emergency procedures, such as engine failures or control surface malfunctions, equip pilots with the skills and confidence to react effectively in critical situations, mitigating potential risks in real-world flight. Practicing these procedures in a simulator provides valuable experience without the inherent dangers of practicing them in a physical aircraft.

In summary, the inclusion of comprehensive and well-structured training modes is a hallmark of a “best” RC flight simulator. These modes facilitate structured skill development, promote disciplined practice, and enhance pilot preparedness for a wide range of flight scenarios. By offering guided instruction and progressive learning paths, effective training modes empower pilots to acquire new skills systematically, refine existing techniques, and cultivate a higher level of proficiency in a safe and controlled virtual environment. The availability of such modes significantly contributes to the overall value and effectiveness of a flight simulator as a training tool.

7. Community Features

Robust community features distinguish exceptional radio-controlled flight simulators from purely individual training tools. Integrated community aspects foster a collaborative learning environment, enriching the user experience and contributing significantly to a simulator’s overall value. Active online forums, shared aircraft setups, multiplayer capabilities, and organized events transform a solitary practice session into a shared learning experience. These features facilitate knowledge sharing, encourage mutual support, and promote a sense of camaraderie among virtual pilots. For example, a novice pilot struggling with a specific maneuver might find guidance and solutions through community forums, benefiting from the experience of more seasoned users. Similarly, the ability to share custom aircraft setups allows users to experiment with configurations developed by others, accelerating learning and promoting experimentation.

The practical implications of robust community features are substantial. Multiplayer functionality allows pilots to practice formation flying, engage in virtual competitions, or simply enjoy shared flight experiences. This dynamic interaction fosters a sense of realism, replicating the social aspects of real-world flying clubs and events. Organized online events, such as virtual airshows or time trials, further enhance community engagement, providing opportunities for pilots to showcase their skills, learn from others, and connect with fellow enthusiasts. The availability of readily accessible tutorials, training resources, and user-generated content created by and shared within the community accelerates skill development and fosters a culture of continuous learning. Furthermore, community feedback can play a vital role in shaping simulator development, driving improvements and ensuring the platform remains relevant and responsive to user needs.

In summary, integrated community features elevate a radio-controlled flight simulator from an individual training tool to a dynamic learning platform. These features foster collaboration, facilitate knowledge sharing, and create a sense of shared purpose among users. The resulting collaborative learning environment enhances the overall experience, promoting faster skill development, increased user engagement, and a more vibrant and supportive virtual aviation community. Therefore, the presence of well-integrated community features serves as a key indicator of a “best” RC flight simulator, contributing significantly to its overall value and appeal.

8. System Requirements

System requirements represent a critical factor when selecting a radio-controlled flight simulator. Adequate hardware ensures optimal performance, preventing frustrating lag, graphical glitches, and other issues that detract from the realism and effectiveness of the simulation. Understanding the interplay between system requirements and simulator functionality is crucial for a positive user experience. Matching hardware capabilities to the demands of the simulator ensures smooth operation, enabling users to fully immerse themselves in the virtual flying environment and derive maximum benefit from the training experience.

  • Processor (CPU)

    A powerful processor is essential for handling the complex calculations involved in flight simulation, including physics calculations, environmental rendering, and aircraft systems modeling. A modern multi-core processor ensures smooth operation, even in demanding scenarios with detailed environments and multiple aircraft. An inadequate processor can lead to performance bottlenecks, resulting in choppy frame rates and delayed responses to control inputs, significantly diminishing the realism and training value of the simulation.

  • Graphics Card (GPU)

    The graphics card renders the visual elements of the simulation, including the aircraft, environment, and other visual effects. A dedicated graphics card with sufficient memory and processing power is crucial for generating smooth, high-resolution visuals, enhancing immersion and realism. An underpowered graphics card can result in low frame rates, blurry textures, and other graphical artifacts that detract from the visual fidelity of the simulation, hindering the user’s ability to perceive critical details and react effectively to changing conditions.

  • Memory (RAM)

    Sufficient RAM ensures the simulator can load and access necessary data quickly, including aircraft models, environmental textures, and other simulation elements. Adequate memory prevents performance slowdowns and allows the simulator to run smoothly without interruptions. Insufficient RAM can lead to stuttering, long loading times, and instability, disrupting the flow of the simulation and hindering the training process. A system with ample RAM ensures a fluid and responsive simulation experience, allowing users to focus on flying rather than technical limitations.

  • Operating System and Storage

    Compatibility with the simulator’s specified operating system is essential. Furthermore, sufficient storage space is required for installation and storing user data, such as custom aircraft configurations and recorded flights. Ensuring adequate storage capacity and operating system compatibility prevents installation issues and ensures long-term access to simulation data. Using an unsupported operating system can lead to compatibility problems, while insufficient storage space can prevent installation or limit the ability to save user data and custom configurations.

Meeting the recommended system requirements of a high-quality RC flight simulator ensures optimal performance and maximizes the realism and effectiveness of the training experience. Investing in adequate hardware allows users to fully leverage the simulator’s capabilities, benefiting from smooth frame rates, detailed visuals, and responsive controls. Ultimately, aligning system capabilities with the demands of the simulator is an investment in a superior training experience, contributing significantly to skill development and enjoyment of virtual flight.

9. Software Cost

Software cost represents a significant factor in the selection of a radio-controlled flight simulator, particularly when aiming for a “best” option. While cost doesn’t solely dictate quality, it often reflects the development effort, features offered, and ongoing support provided. Balancing cost with desired features and budget constraints requires careful consideration. Higher-priced simulators frequently offer advanced features like detailed aircraft models, realistic physics engines, and extensive environment variety. Conversely, budget-friendly options may provide adequate functionality for beginners or those seeking basic flight practice. Understanding this cost-feature relationship is crucial for making informed decisions aligned with individual needs and financial resources. For example, a professional pilot seeking highly realistic flight characteristics might prioritize a more expensive simulator with a sophisticated physics engine, while a hobbyist learning basic maneuvers might find a less expensive option perfectly suitable.

The perception of “best” also varies depending on individual priorities. Some users might prioritize realistic graphics and extensive aircraft selection, justifying a higher cost. Others might prioritize basic functionality and affordability. Examining the long-term value proposition is essential. A higher initial investment in a feature-rich simulator might offer better value over time due to extended usability and ongoing updates. Conversely, a less expensive option might suffice for initial learning but lack the features required for advanced training or long-term engagement. Considering potential upgrade costs or subscription fees is also critical for accurate budget assessment. For instance, a simulator offering additional aircraft or scenery as paid add-ons might appear initially inexpensive, but accumulating these additions can significantly increase the overall cost over time.

In conclusion, navigating the relationship between software cost and the “best” radio-controlled flight simulator requires careful evaluation of individual needs, budget constraints, and long-term value. Understanding the correlation between cost and features, considering the long-term value proposition, and factoring in potential additional expenses allows for informed decisions that align with both training goals and financial realities. While a higher price tag doesn’t guarantee superior quality, it often reflects increased development investment and a broader range of features. Ultimately, the “best” simulator is the one that provides the optimal balance of features, performance, and cost-effectiveness for the individual user.

Frequently Asked Questions

This section addresses common inquiries regarding the selection and utilization of radio-controlled flight simulators.

Question 1: What are the primary advantages of using a radio-controlled flight simulator?

Simulators offer a risk-free environment for skill development, eliminating potential damage to physical aircraft. They provide cost-effective access to diverse aircraft models and flying locations. Furthermore, simulators allow practice in challenging weather conditions and emergency scenarios not easily replicated in real-world training.

Question 2: How can simulators improve real-world flying skills?

Consistent simulator practice refines muscle memory and improves control precision. It allows pilots to explore aircraft limits and practice recovery techniques in a safe environment, leading to increased confidence and competence in real-world scenarios. Simulators also facilitate structured learning through dedicated training modules.

Question 3: Is expensive simulation software always better than budget-friendly alternatives?

Not necessarily. While more expensive software often offers advanced features, less expensive options can suffice for beginners or those with specific training needs. Careful evaluation of features against individual requirements and budget is crucial. Focusing on essential features avoids unnecessary expenditure.

Question 4: What hardware is required for an effective simulation experience?

Requirements vary depending on simulator complexity. Generally, a modern computer with a multi-core processor, dedicated graphics card, sufficient RAM, and a compatible operating system is recommended. Meeting the simulator’s minimum and recommended specifications ensures optimal performance.

Question 5: Can one use existing radio-controlled transmitters with simulators?

Most simulators support various transmitter protocols, allowing connection via USB or dedicated interfaces. Compatibility with specific transmitter models should be confirmed before software purchase. Adapters may be necessary for certain transmitter types.

Question 6: How does one choose the “best” RC flight simulator for individual needs?

Careful consideration of features, system requirements, budget, and user reviews informs effective simulator selection. Prioritizing essential features aligned with individual skill levels and training goals is paramount. Demo versions or trial periods, where available, allow firsthand experience before purchase.

Addressing these common questions provides a foundational understanding for navigating the selection and utilization of radio-controlled flight simulators. Informed decision-making maximizes the benefits of simulated flight training.

The subsequent section offers in-depth reviews of prominent radio-controlled flight simulators available on the market.

Tips for Maximizing Simulator Effectiveness

Optimizing the training value of radio-controlled flight simulators involves leveraging available features and adopting effective practice strategies. These tips provide guidance for maximizing skill development and achieving proficiency within the virtual environment.

Tip 1: Start with Basic Aircraft and Environments: Commencing training with stable, predictable aircraft models in simple environments allows fundamental control skills to develop without unnecessary complexity. Initial focus on basic maneuvers, such as straight and level flight, turns, and landings, builds a strong foundation for progressing to more advanced aircraft and challenging scenarios. For example, beginning with a high-wing trainer in a calm, open field provides an ideal setting for mastering primary flight controls.

Tip 2: Structure Practice Sessions: Defining specific training goals for each session promotes focused practice. Concentrating on individual skills or maneuvers, such as hovering or aerobatic figures, accelerates skill development compared to unstructured free flight. Maintaining a logbook of simulated flight sessions, noting areas for improvement and tracking progress, enhances training effectiveness.

Tip 3: Utilize Training Modes: Taking advantage of structured training modules within the simulator accelerates learning. Progressive lessons introduce new concepts systematically and offer guided instruction for mastering specific maneuvers. Completing these modules provides a structured pathway to proficiency, particularly for novice pilots or those transitioning to new aircraft types.

Tip 4: Replicate Real-World Procedures: Adhering to real-world pre-flight checklists, radio procedures, and emergency protocols reinforces proper habits. Practicing these procedures in the simulator instills discipline and prepares pilots for real-world flight operations, fostering a safety-conscious approach from the outset.

Tip 5: Analyze Recorded Flights: Reviewing recorded flight sessions offers valuable insights into performance. Analyzing flight paths, control inputs, and aircraft responses identifies areas for improvement and reinforces proper techniques. This objective self-assessment accelerates progress and promotes consistent skill development.

Tip 6: Leverage Community Resources: Engaging with online communities, forums, and tutorial resources enhances learning. Seeking guidance from experienced virtual pilots, sharing experiences, and accessing community-created content expands knowledge and provides valuable insights. This collaborative learning environment fosters faster progress and broader understanding.

Tip 7: Practice Regularly and Consistently: Consistent simulator practice, even in short sessions, yields significant benefits over infrequent, extended practice. Regular exposure reinforces learned skills and maintains proficiency. Integrating simulation practice into a routine schedule maximizes long-term skill development.

Tip 8: Gradually Increase Complexity: Progressively transitioning to more complex aircraft, challenging environments, and advanced maneuvers maintains engagement and promotes continuous improvement. Gradually increasing the difficulty of simulated scenarios expands skill sets and prepares pilots for real-world challenges.

Adhering to these tips maximizes the effectiveness of radio-controlled flight simulators as training tools. Structured practice, consistent engagement, and leveraging available resources cultivate proficiency and enhance preparedness for the challenges and rewards of real-world flight.

The following conclusion summarizes the key benefits and considerations discussed throughout this exploration of radio-controlled flight simulators.

Conclusion

Optimal radio-controlled flight simulator selection hinges on a comprehensive understanding of key features. Realism, encompassing accurate physics modeling and detailed environments, significantly impacts training effectiveness. A diverse aircraft selection caters to varying skill levels and interests. Robust physics engines, accurately simulating aerodynamic principles and environmental influences, are crucial for realistic flight behavior. Varied environments, controller compatibility, structured training modes, and community features further enhance the overall experience. Careful consideration of system requirements ensures optimal performance, while software cost considerations balance budget constraints with desired functionality. Effective simulator utilization involves structured practice, progressive challenges, and leveraging available resources.

Ultimately, strategic simulator selection and utilization represent a significant investment in skill development, fostering proficiency, enhancing safety consciousness, and enriching the overall radio-controlled flight experience. Continued advancements in simulation technology promise even greater realism and accessibility, further solidifying the role of simulated flight in pilot training and recreational enjoyment.